Case Grammar
¹öŬ¸®´ëÇÐ ¾ð¾îÇаú ¸í¿¹±³¼öÀÎ Çʸð¾î(Charles J. Fillmore)´Â µ¿»ç¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¼ÒÀ§ ÁÖ°Ý, ¸ñÀû°Ý µîÀÇ Ç¥Ãþ°Ý(surface case)ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ½ÉÃþ°Ý(deep case)¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© ¾îÈÖ¿Í ¾îÈÖ »çÀÌÀÇ Àǹ̰ü°è¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ÃνºÅ°(Noam Chomsky)ÀÇ ½ÉÃþ±¸Á¶(deep structure)¿¡¼ÀÇ ¾ð¾î±â¼úÀÌ ÃæºÐÄ¡ ¸øÇÔÀ» ÁöÀûÇϰí, ¹®ÀåÀº ±× ½ÉÃþ±¸Á¶¿¡¼ µ¿»ç¿Í º¸ÆíÀû ¾îÈÖ(universal vocabulary)¿¡¼ ÃßÃâµÈ °Ý(case)À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. À̶§ °ÝÀ̶õ ÁÖ°Ý ¸ñÀû°Ý µîÀÇ Åë»çÀû °ÝÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µ¿»çÀÇ ÀǹÌÀû ¼öÇà¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ 'Àǹ̿ª'°ú °°Àº °³³äÀÌ´Ù.
¿¹ÄÁ´ë Çʸð¾î´Â 'in the room'À̳ª ' on the next day', 'with a sharp knife' µîÀº Àå¼Ò, ½Ã°£, µµ±¸ °ü°è¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç±¸Àε¥, À̵é ÀüÄ¡»ç±¸ÀÇ ±âÀú±¸Á¶´Â ¸í»ç±¸¿Í °ÝÇ¥Áö(case marker)·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù°í ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù. º¯Çü¹®¹ý°ú ´Þ¸® ½Ã¹ßºÎÈ£ ¢²(¹®Àå)´Â ¾çÅÂ(modality)¿Í ¸íÁ¦(proposition)·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ°í, ¾çÅ´ ºÎÁ¤, ½ÃÁ¦, ¹ý, »ó µîÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸íÁ¦´Â µ¿»ç¿Í Çϳª ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÝÀ» °¡Áø ¸í»ç±¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ °Ý°ü°è´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
À̸¦ ±Ù°Å·Î ´ÙÀ½ ¹®Àå¿¡ ½ÇÇöµÈ openÀ» »ìÆìº¸¸é, "¨ç The door opened. ¨è John opened the door. ¨é John opened the door with the key. ¨ê The key opened the door. ¨ë The door was opened by John."
¨ç¿¡¼´Â Á־ ´ë»ó(object)À̸ç, ¨è¿¡¼´Â ÇàÀ§ÀÚ(agent)°¡ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. ¨é¿¡¼´Â µµ±¸(instrument)°¡ ºÎ»çÀû ¼ö½Ä±¸ÀÌÁö¸¸, ¨ê¿¡¼´Â ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë¿¡¼´Â ´ë»ó(object)ÀÌ Á־ µÇ°í, ÇàÀ§ÀÚ(agent)´Â ¡®by¡¯¸¦ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â ¼ö½Ä±¸¸¦ ÃëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ openÀº ¸í»ç±¸µéÀÌ Ç¥¸é¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¹®¹ý °ü°è´Â ´Þ¶óµµ ±× ±âÀúÀÇ °Ý°ü°è´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°í, »çÀü(lexicon)¿¡ open :£«[£O(¥°)(A)]ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿© openÀº A(agent)³ª I(instrument)¸¦ ÀÓÀÇÀûÀÎ ¼ººÐÀ¸·Î ÃëÇϰí O(object)´Â ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ¼ººÐÀÓÀ» ¹àÇô, ÁÖ¾îÈ ÀýÂ÷¿¡ µû¶ó O°¡ Á־ µÇ¸é ¨çÀÇ ¹®Àå, A¿Í I°¡ Á־ µÇ¸é °¢°¢ ¨è¿Í ¨éÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ µÇ°í, A¿Í I°¡ °°ÀÌ ÀϾ¸é ÁÖ¾îÈÀÇ Á¦¾à¿¡ µû¶ó A°¡ Á־ µÈ´Ù°í ±â¼úÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °Ý°ü°è°¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÁÖ¾î³Ä¿¡ µû¶ó ÀǹÌÀÇ ÃÊÁ¡ÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù´Â Á¡, ¶Ç °Ý°ü°è°¡ ¸î ÀÖ´À³ÄÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç±â°¡ ¾î·Æ´Ù´Â Á¡ µîÀ¸·Î Çʸð¾î Àڽŵµ ¿©·¯ ¹ø ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿´°í, »ý¼º¹®¹ýÇÐÆÄÀÇ °ø¹ÚÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ, 1970³â´ë¿¡ µé¾î¼´Â Å©°Ô ºûÀ» º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. Çʸð¾îÀÇ °ÝÀ̷аú º´ÇàÇØ¼ ó¼ÒÀÌ·Ð(localist hypothesis)¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ ¾Ø´õ½¼(John M. Anderson)ÀÇ °Ý¹®¹ýµµ ÀÖ´Ù. .......... (¾ð¾îÇлçÀü : ±èÇüÁÖÀÇ ±Û¸»´åÄÄ)
Case Grammar (°Ý(Ì«)¹®¹ý)Àº ¼ú¾î(µ¿»ç)¸¦ Á߽ɿ¡ µÎ°í, ¿©±â¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °¢ ´Ü¾îÀÇ ÀǹÌÀûÀÎ °ü°è¸¦ ±â¼úÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Àṉ̀¸Á¶¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¹®¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ´Ü¾î »çÀÌÀÇ Àǹ̰ü°è´Â °Ý(Ì«)À̶ó ºÒ¸®¸ç .......
John broke the window with his hammer.
'Á¸Àº ¸ÁÄ¡·Î âÀ» ±ú¶ß·È´Ù.'´Â °ÍÀε¥, ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Case GrammarÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ³ªÅ¸³»¸é ´ÙÀ½±×¸²°ú °°´Ù. (Agt : agent, P : patient, I : instrument) ............. (Ãֱ⼱ 1992)
term :
¾ð¾îÇÐ (Linguistics) ÀΰøÁö´É (Artificial Intelligence) ÀÚ¿¬¾îó¸® (Natural Language Processing) °Ý (Case) °Ý¹®¹ý (Case Grammar)
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Àü»ê¾ð¾îÇаú ÀΰøÁö´É¿¡¼ÀÇ °Ý MT ¿¡¼ÀÇ °Ý : Harold Somers