Operation Research
°æ¿µ°úÇÐ (Operations research, operational research, OR) À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ±âÀ§ÇØ ¼öÇÐÀû ¸ðµ¨, Åë°èÇÐ, ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¹ÀâÇÑ ½Ç¼¼°è ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§Çؼ °¡Àå ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÇ´Âµ¥, ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»ó½Ã۰í ÃÖÀûȽÃ۱â À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀû¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. OR Àº ÀÀ¿ë¼öÇÐÀÇ ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ....... (Wikipedia : Operations research)
¿©±â¼ operation À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î°¡ ¶æÇÏ´Â ¹Ù´Â ±º»çÀÛÀüÀÌ´Ù. Áï, OR À» ¿ì¸®¸»·Î Á÷¿ªÇϸé 'ÀÛÀü¿¬±¸'¶ó ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̳ª, ±× ³»¿ëÀÌ MS (Management Science) ¿Í °°±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ì¸®¸»·Î´Â '°æ¿µ°úÇÐ'À̶ó Çϰí, Á¾Á¾ OR/MS ·Î Ç¥±âÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. OR À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ »ý±â°Ô µÈ ½Ã±â´Â 2Â÷¼¼°è´ëÀü ÁßÀ̾ú´Ù. Áï, 2Â÷ ´ëÀü ÃʱâºÎÅÍ ¿µ±¹°ú ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±º»çÀü¹®°¡, °øÇÐÀÚ ¹× °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ 'Blackett's Circus' ¶ó´Â ÆÀÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ¿© ·¹ÀÌ´õÀÇ È¿À²Àû ¿î¿ë¹æ¹ý, ´ëÀá¼öÇÔÀÛÀü, »ó¼± È£À§ÇÔ´ë ¹èÄ¡ ¹®Á¦ µî ±º»ç¹®Á¦¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î OR À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ ź»ý½ÃŲ °è±â°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 2Â÷ ´ëÀüÈÄ ÀüÀïÁß¿¡ °³¹ßµÈ ¸¹Àº ¼ö¸®Àû ¸ðÇü°ú ±× ÀÀ¿ë¹æ¹ýµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁýÁߵǾú°í, °á±¹ ±â¾÷À̳ª Á¤ºÎ¿Í °°Àº ÀÏ¹Ý Á¶Á÷»çȸ·Î ±× ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ È®»êµÇ¾î ORÀ̶ó´Â Çй®ºÐ¾ß°¡ Á¤¸³µÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù.
OR Àº ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ¸ðµç ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Çϴµ¥, ±× Áß¿¡¼µµ Á¤ºÎ³ª ±â¾÷°ú °°ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ ºÐ¸íÇÑ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Æò°¡, °ü¸®, °³¼± µîÀÇ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÁÖ·Î Àû¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀº ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÃÖÀûÀÇ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ OR ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÈûÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÏ·Á¸é °æ¿µ°úÇÐÀÚ°¡ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ÀÚ¿Í ±ä¹ÐÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÇöÀç OR Àº ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¸ðµç »ê¾÷°øÇаú¿¡¼´Â ¹°·ÐÀÌ°í °æ¿µÇаú, ±×¸®°í °ø´ë¿Í °æ¿µ´ëÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °ü·ÃÇаú¿¡¼µµ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ³»¿ëÀº Á¶±Ý¾¿ º¯ÈÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Áï, À̷аú ¼ö½ÄÀ§ÁÖÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡¼ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ °³³äÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ³ª¸é ±× ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î´Â À̸¦ ½ÇÁ¦ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» °®Ãß´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²î°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
OR ÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °³³äÀº ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤¿¡ ü°èÀûÀÌ°í °úÇÐÀûÀÎ Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ü°èÀûÀ̶ó´Â ¸»Àº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¸é ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ½Ã°¢¿¡¼ ÆÄ¾ÇÇÏ¿© ÀýÂ÷¿¡ µû¶ó °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ÇØ°áÃ¥À» Ãß±¸ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦ÇذáÀ̳ª ÀӽùæÆíÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦Çذá°ú ´ëÀÀµÇ´Â °³³äÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç °úÇÐÀûÀ̶ó´Â ¸»Àº ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á°úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¼ö¸®ÀûÀÎ ¸ðÇü°ú °è·®ÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸ µîÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ ´ë¾ÈÀ» ºÐ¼®Æò°¡ÇÏ¿© °á·ÐÀ» À̲ø¾î³½´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀε¥, ÀÌ¿Í ´ëÀÀµÇ´Â °³³äÀº ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ±Ù°Å¾øÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â À°°¨ÀûÀ̰ųª Á÷°üÀûÀÎ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù.
OR ÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Ư¼ºÀ¸·Î¼´Â ÇÐÁ¦Àû(interdisciplinary) Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» ÁöÇâÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, OR Àº ¿©·¯ °øÇко߸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¼öÇÐ, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °úÇÐ, °æÁ¦ÇÐ, ½É¸®ÇÐ, »ý¸®ÇÐ µî °ü·Ã ºÐ¾ßÀÇ Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÀÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ORÀÇ ´ë»óÀº ¾î´À ƯÁ¤ »ê¾÷À̳ª ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í, Àü »ê¾÷ºÐ¾ß¿Í ¸ðµç Á¶Á÷½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
ÃÖ±Ù ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ºñÁî´Ï½º·Î ´ëº¯µÇ´Â µðÁöÅÐ °æÁ¦Ã¼Á¦¿¡¼ OR ÀÇ Àû¿ë ºÐ¾ß´Â ´õ¿í È®´ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù (Âü°í : Prospects for OR in the E-Business Era). Áï, µðÁöÅÐ °æÁ¦ ȯ°æ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¿©·¯ ºÐ¼®Àû ±â¹ý°ú Á¤º¸ ±â¼úÀ» °áÇÕ½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á, ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ºñÁî´Ï½º ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ ¿ë¿ëÇй®À¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ±× ¾î´À ¶§º¸´Ùµµ Ȱ¹ßÈ÷ ÆîÄ¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ........... (°Áø±Ô)
¼ö¸®°èȹ¸ðÇü(mathematical model)
¼±Çü°èȹ¹ý (LP : Linear Programming)
¼ö¼Û¸ðÇü (transportation model) °ú ÇÒ´ç¸ðÇü (assignment model)
Á¤¼ö°èȹ¹ý (IP : Integer Programming)
¸ñÇ¥°èȹ¹ý (GP : Goal Programming)
³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¸ðÇü (Network)
µ¿Àû°èȹ¹ý(DP : Dynamic Programming)
ºñ¼±Çü°èȹ¹ý(NLP : Non-linear Programming)
È®·ü¸ðÇü(probabilistic model)°ú ½Ã¹Ä·¹À̼Ç(simulation)
¸¶ÄÚºê ºÐ¼® (Markov)
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ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®°ü¸®¸ðÇü : PERT/CPM (Program Evaluation and Review Technique / Critical Path Method)
Àç°í°ü¸®¸ðÇü (Inventory)
´ë±âÇà·Ä¸ðÇü (Queueing model)
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Wikipedia : Operations research)
Operation Research : Homepage : Çѹç´ë °Áø±Ô : °ÀǼҰ³
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