Warren McCulloch
(¹Ì±¹ ½Å°æ»ý¸®ÇÐÀÚ, ÀΰøµÎ³úÇÐÀÚ (cybernetician), 1899 ~ 1969)
´ºÀúÁöÀÇ Orange ¿¡¼ Ãâ»ýÇÏ¿© Yale ´ëÇп¡¼ öÇаú ½É¸®ÇÐÀ», Columbia ´ëÇп¡¼ ½É¸®ÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇß´Ù. 1927 ³â¿¡ ´º¿åÀÇ College of Physicians and Surgeons ¿¡¼ ÀÇ»ç ¸éÇãÁõÀ» ¹Þ°í Bellevue º´¿ø¿¡¼ ÀÎÅϰúÁ¤À» °ÅÃÄ 1934 ³â¿¡ Çаè·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Â´Ù.
±×´Â Desser de Barenne (Yale) °ú ³ªÁß¿¡´Â Walter Pitts (Illinois) µî°ú ÇÔ²² ¸¹Àº ³úÀÌ·ÐÀÇ Ãʼ®À» ´ÛÀº ¸¹Àº ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ±×Áß¿¡´Â Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics ¿¡ ½Ç¸° "A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity" (1943) ¿Í "How we know universals: the perception of visual and auditory forms" (1947) µîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
1943 ³âÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡¼ ±×µéÀº ³ú (Brain) ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ³í¸® ´ÜÀ§ÀÎ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ (Neuron) °ú °°ÀÌ, Çü½ÄÀûÀÎ neurons ÀÇ À¯ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© (finite network of formal neurons) ·Î¼ Æ©¸µ ±â°è (Turing Machine) program ÀÌ ±¸ÇöµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. 1947 ³âÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡¼´Â ¹æÇâ°ú Å©±âÀÇ º¯È¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ½Ã°¢¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂµÈ °ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇϱâ À§ÇÑ "nervous nets" ¸¦ ¼³°èÇÏ´Â Á¢±Ù¹æ½ÄÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù.
1952 ³âºÎÅÍ ±×´Â MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics ¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î ½Å°æ¸Á (Neural Network) modelling ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÆÀÀº ±×ÀÇ 1947 ³âÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡ µû¶ó °³±¸¸®ÀÇ ½Ã°¢ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °Ë»çÇߴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ´«ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ´ÜÁö image ¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µÎ³ú¿¡ ¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¶Á÷µÇ°í ÇØ¼®µÈ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ "poker chip" ¸Á¾çü (Reticular Formation, ³ú°£ (Brain Stem)ºÎ ½Å°æ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Á¶Á÷) ÀÇ °³³äÀ» °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ³ú°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô democratic, somatotopical neural network ¿¡¼ »óÈ£¸ð¼øµÇ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â Áö¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×´Â American Society for Cybernetics ÀÇ ¼³¸³¸â¹ö·Î¼ 1967-1968 ÃÊ´ë ȸÀåÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. ±×´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÇ operational research ÀÇ °³Ã´ÀÚÀÎ Stafford Beer ÀÇ Áöµµ±³¼ö¿´´Ù. ............. (Wikipedia : Warren McCulloch)
¸ÆÄ÷°-ÇÇÃ÷ ¸ðµ¨ (McCulloch-Pitts Model) ½Å°æ¸Á (Neural Network) Warren McCulloch Walter Pitts