Warren McCulloch

 

(¹Ì±¹ ½Å°æ»ý¸®ÇÐÀÚ, ÀΰøµÎ³úÇÐÀÚ (cybernetician), 1899 ~ 1969)

´ºÀúÁöÀÇ Orange ¿¡¼­ Ãâ»ýÇÏ¿© Yale ´ëÇп¡¼­ öÇаú ½É¸®ÇÐÀ», Columbia ´ëÇп¡¼­ ½É¸®ÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇß´Ù. 1927 ³â¿¡ ´º¿åÀÇ College of Physicians and Surgeons ¿¡¼­ ÀÇ»ç ¸éÇãÁõÀ» ¹Þ°í Bellevue º´¿ø¿¡¼­ ÀÎÅÏ°úÁ¤À» °ÅÃÄ 1934 ³â¿¡ Çаè·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Â´Ù.

±×´Â Desser de Barenne (Yale) °ú ³ªÁß¿¡´Â Walter Pitts (Illinois) µî°ú ÇÔ²² ¸¹Àº ³úÀÌ·ÐÀÇ Ãʼ®À» ´ÛÀº ¸¹Àº ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ±×Áß¿¡´Â Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics ¿¡ ½Ç¸° "A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity" (1943) ¿Í "How we know universals: the perception of visual and auditory forms" (1947) µîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.

1943 ³âÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ³ú (Brain) ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ³í¸® ´ÜÀ§ÀÎ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ (Neuron) °ú °°ÀÌ, Çü½ÄÀûÀÎ neurons ÀÇ À¯ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© (finite network of formal neurons) ·Î¼­ Æ©¸µ ±â°è (Turing Machine) program ÀÌ ±¸ÇöµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. 1947 ³âÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â ¹æÇâ°ú Å©±âÀÇ º¯È­¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ½Ã°¢¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂµÈ °ÍÀ» ÀνÄÇϱâ À§ÇÑ "nervous nets" ¸¦ ¼³°èÇÏ´Â Á¢±Ù¹æ½ÄÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù.

1952 ³âºÎÅÍ ±×´Â MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics ¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î ½Å°æ¸Á (Neural Network) modelling ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÆÀÀº ±×ÀÇ 1947 ³âÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡ µû¶ó °³±¸¸®ÀÇ ½Ã°¢ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °Ë»çÇߴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ´«ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ´ÜÁö image ¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µÎ³ú¿¡ ¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ À̹̠Á¶Á÷µÇ°í Çؼ®µÈ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ "poker chip" ¸Á¾çü (Reticular Formation, ³ú°£ (Brain Stem)ºÎ ½Å°æ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Á¶Á÷) ÀÇ °³³äÀ» °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ³ú°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô democratic, somatotopical neural network ¿¡¼­ »óÈ£¸ð¼øµÇ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â Áö¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

±×´Â American Society for Cybernetics ÀÇ ¼³¸³¸â¹ö·Î¼­ 1967-1968 ÃÊ´ë ȸÀåÀ» Áö³Â´Ù. ±×´Â ¿µ±¹ÀÇ operational research ÀÇ °³Ã´ÀÚÀÎ Stafford Beer ÀÇ Áöµµ±³¼ö¿´´Ù. ............. (Wikipedia : Warren McCulloch)

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¸ÆÄ÷°-ÇÇÃ÷ ¸ðµ¨ (McCulloch-Pitts Model)   ½Å°æ¸Á (Neural Network)   Warren McCulloch   Walter Pitts

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