Douglas R. Hofstadter
(¹Ì±¹ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ.ÀÎÁö°úÇÐÀÚ, 1945~ )
Àç±ÍÀÌ·Ð (recursion theory)
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀΰøÁö´É, ÀÎÁö°úÇÐ, ½É¸®Ã¶ÇеîÀ» Àü°øÇϸç 1979 ³â¿¡ Ãâ°£µÈ ±×ÀÇ Àú¼ Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid ·Î ÀÏ¹Ý ³íÇȼǺκÐÀÇ Pulitzer Prize À» ¼ö»óÇß´Ù. ±× Ã¥À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼ö¸¹Àº ÇлýÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý computing ¿Í ÀΰøÁö´É (Artificial Intelligence) ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ³ëº§¹°¸®Çлó ¼ö»óÀÚ Robert Hofstadter ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̸ç 1975³â ¿À·¹°ï ´ëÇп¡¼ ¹°¸®ÇÐ ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â Indiana University ¿¡¼ Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition ¼ÒÀåÀ¸·Î ÀÖ´Ù.
±×ÀÇ °ü½ÉºÐ¾ß´Â ¸¶À½, âÀǼº, ÀǽÄ, ÀÚ±âÂüÁ¶ (self-reference), ¹ø¿ª, ¼öÇÐ °ÔÀÓ µîÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÇмúÀú³Î¿¡´Â ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Áý´ë¼ºÇÑ »ý°¢µéÀ» Å« Ã¥¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÄÄÇ»ÅͰúÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ Å« ¿µÇâ·ÂÀº ´Ù¼Ò ÆÄ±«ÀûÀ̸ç Àº¹ÐÇÏ´Ù (subversive and underground) - ±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸ Ç×»ó °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ÂüÁ¶µÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Scientific American Àú³ÎÀÇ Mathematical Games ¸¦ ¿¬ÀçÇÏ´ø Martin Gardner °¡ ÀºÅðÇÏ°í ±× Ä÷³À» À̾î¹ÞÀº ±×´Â À¯»çÇÑ À̸§ (anagram) ÀÎ Metamagical Themas ¶ó´Â À̸§À» Áö¾ú´Ù.
±×´Â Reviews of This Book °³³äÀ» ¹ß¸íÇߴµ¥, Áï ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸®ºä¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ´Â °Í (cross-referenced reviews of itself) À» Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Â Ã¥À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â Metamagical Themas ¿¡¼ ±×°ÍÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù :
±× »ý°¢Àº ³ªÀÇ È¯»óÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ¾î¶² Ã¥ÀÇ Ãâ°£ÈÄ¿¡ ½Å¹®À̳ª ÀâÁö¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ ¸®ºä¸¦ ¸ð¾Æ³õÀº °ÍÀ̿ܿ¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø´Â Ã¥À» º¸´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ª¼³ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ ¸¹Àº °èȹ°ú ÀÛ¾÷À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Àú³ÎµéÀÌ ±× Ã¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸®ºä¸¦ ½Æ´Â °ÍÀ» µ¿ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¶§¿¡ ¸ðµç ¸®ºä¾îµéÀº ¾²±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç ¸®ºä¾îµéÀº ¼·Î¿¡°Ô ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÃʾȵéÀ» ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î Àü¼ÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ±×°Í¿¡ µû¶ó ±× ¸®ºä´Â ÇÔ²² ÁøÈÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¸¶Ä§³»´Â ¹°¸®Çп¡¼ ¸»ÇÏ´Â "Hartree-Fock self-consistent solution" °°ÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ »óÅ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ±× ¸®ºäµéÀÌ Àú³Î¿¡¼ ³ª¿Í¼ ºñ·Î¼Ò ÃâÆÇµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ...... Àç±ÍÀÌ·Ð (recursion theory)?
Hofstadter's Law : "´ç½ÅÀÌ Hofstadter's Law À» ¼³¸íÇÒ¶§ Á¶Â÷µµ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¿¹»óº¸´Ù Ç×»ó ½Ã°£ÀÌ ´õ °É¸°´Ù."........Àç±ÍÀÌ·Ð (recursion theory) ..........
David Chalmers ¿Í Melanie Mitchell µîÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ........................ (Wikipedia : Douglas Richard Hofstadter)
term :
Douglas Hofstadter ±«µ¨, ¿¡¼Å, ¹ÙÈå (Godel, Escher, Bach) Kurt Gödel M.C. Escher Daniel Dennett ºÒ¿ÏÀü¼º Á¤¸® (Incompleteness Theorem) Àç±Í (Recursion) Àç±ÍÇÔ¼ö (Recursive Function) ÀΰøÁö´É (Artificial Intelligence)
site :
Wikipedia : Douglas Richard Hofstadter
Douglas Hofstadter's home page
Indiana University's Douglas Hofstadter webpage
Online implementation of his Reviews of this Book idea
paper :
ÀÌ·± ÀÌ°Ô ¹Ù·Î ³ª¾ß 1 : Douglas Hofstadter, Daniel Dennett Àú, ±èµ¿±¤ ¿ª, »çÀ̾𽺠ºÏ½º, 2001 (¿ø¼ : THE MIND'S I : Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul , Basics Books, 1981)
±«µ¨, ¿¡¼Å, ¹ÙÈå : Douglas Hofstadter Àú¼, ¹Ú¿©¼º ¿Å±è, ±îÄ¡, 1999 (¿ø¼ : Godel, Escher, Bach : an Ethernal Golden Braid, Harper-Collins Pub, 1979)
video :
Are Science and Belief in God Compatible?? : Douglas Hofstadter, 2014/04/11
The Nature of Categories and Concepts : Douglas Hofstadter, 2014/03/07
Singularity Summit at Stanford : Douglas Hofstadter, 2011/05/04
Analogy as the Core of Cognition : stanford : Douglas Hofstadter, 2009/09/10