AI - Bibliography : L

Julien Offray de La Mettrie

• L'homme machine. E. Luzac, Leyde. Translated into English as La Mettrie, 1748
• Man a Machine. Open Court, La Salle, Illinois. English translation of La Mettrie, 1912

Peter Ladkin : publications

• Primitives and units for time specification. In Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86), volume 1, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Morgan Kaufmann. 1986
• Time representation: a taxonomy of interval relations. In Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86), volume 1, pages 360-366, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Morgan Kaufmann. 1986

John Laird

• Chunking in Soar: the anatomy of a general learning mechanism. Machine Learning, 1986
• "SOAR: An Architecture for General Intelligence," Artificial Intelligence, 1987
• "Robo-Soar: An Integration of External Interaction, Planning, and Learning Using SOAR," Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 1991

George P. Lakoff

• Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987
• Metaphors We Live By, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980
• Philosophy In The Flesh. Basic Books, 1999.

Pat Langley

• Scientific Discovery: Computational Explorations of the Creative Processes. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1987
• Elements of Machine Learning, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1996

J.-L. Lassez

• Unification revisited. In Minker, J., editor, Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California. 1988

Jean-Claude Latombe : publications

• Robot Motion Planning, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991

Steffen Lauritzen : publications

• The EM Algorithm for Graphical Association Models with Missing Data, Tech. Report TR-91-05, Dept. of Statistics, Aalborg University, Denmark, 1991
• Local Computations with Probabilities on Graphical Structures and Their Application to Expert Systems, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1988
• Graphical models for associations between variables, some of which are qualitative and some quantitative. Annals of Statistics, 1989

Nada Lavrac : publications

• Inductive Logic Programming, Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood, 1994

Eugene L. Lawler

• Branch-and-bound methods: A survey. Operations Research, 1966
• The Traveling Salesman Problem : A Guided Tour of Combinatorial Optimization, John Wiley & Son, 1987

David E. Leake : papers

• Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons, and Future Directions. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA. The overview chapter is available. This book can be ordered online from the MIT Press. 1996
• Goal-Driven Learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books. A condensation of the introductory chapter is available. This book can be ordered online from the MIT Press. 1995
• Evaluating Explanations: A Content Theory. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. A brief description and table of contents are available. 1992

Yann LeCun : publications

• Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition, Neural Computation, 1989
• Handwritten digit recognition: applications of neural network chips and automatic learning. IEEE Communications Magazine, 1989

Joshua Lederberg : papers

• How DENDRAL Was Conceived and Born : Article. Draft. 25 Images. 5 November 1987

Robert S. Ledley

• Reasoning foundations of medical diagnosis, (with L.B. Lusted), 1959

Kai-Fu Lee

• "A Pattern Classification Approach to Evaluation Function Learning," Artificial Intelligence, 1988
• Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the SPHINX System. Kluwer. 1989

David Lefkovitz

• A strategic pattern recognition program for the game GO. Technical Note 60-243, Wright Air Development Division, University of Pennsylvania, The Moore School of Electrical Engineering. 1960

Douglas Lenat  

• EURISKO: a program that learns new heuristics and domain concepts: the nature of heuristics, III: program design and results. Artificial Intelligence, 1983
• Why AM and EURISKO appear to work. Artificial Intelligence,1984
• On the thresholds of knowledge. Artificial Intelligence, 1991
• Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: Representation and Inference in the CYC Project. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts. 1990
• "CYC: A Large-Scale Investment in Knowledge Infrastructure," Comm. ACM, November 1995

H. S. Leonard

• The calculus of individuals and its uses. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 1940

John J. Leonard : publications

• Directed sonar sensing for mobile robot navigation. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 1992

D. Leonard-Barton

• The Case for Integrative Innovation: An Expert System at Digital, Sloan Management Review, 1987

Stanislaw Lesniewski

• Podstawy ogólnej teorii mnogosci. Moscow. 1916

J. Y. Letvinn

• What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain, Proc. IRE, 1959

Nancy Leveson : papers

• A New Approach To System Safety Engineering : 2002

Hector Levesque  

• Foundations of a Functional Approach to Knowledge Representation, Artificial Intelligence, 1984
• A Logic of Implicit and Explicit Belief, in Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-84),Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1984
• Making Believers Out of Computers, Artificial Intelligence, 1986
• Expressiveness and Tractability in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Computational Intelligence, 1987
• GOLOG: A Logic Programming Language for Dynamic Domains, Journal of Logic Programming, Special Issue on Reasoning about Action and Change, 1997

David Neil Lawrence Levy

• Computer Gamesmanship: The Complete Guide to Creating and Structuring Intelligent Games Programs. Simon and Schuster, New York. 1983
• Computer Chess Compendium. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1988

David K. Lewis

• An argument for the identity theory. The Journal of Philosophy, 1966
• General semantics. In Davidson, D. & Harman, G., editors, Semantics of Natural Language, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 1972
• Mad pain and Martian pain. In Block, N., editor, Readings in Philosophy of Psychology, volume 1, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1980

Ming Li

• An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1993

Henry Lieberman : publications

• Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the Web to its Full Potential, MIT press, 2003
• Your Wish is My Command: Programming by Example, Morgan Kaufmann

Vladimir Lifschitz  

• "On the Semantics of STRIPS," in Georgeff,  M., & Lansky, A. (eds.), Reasoning about Actions and Plans: Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop}, Timberline, Oregon, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1986. (Also in Allen, J., Hendler, J., & Tate, A. (eds.), Readings in Planning, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990.)
• Between circumscription and autoepistemic logic. In Brachman, R. J. & Levesque, H. J., editors, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Toronto, Ontario. Morgan Kaufmann. 1989

J. Lighthill

• Artificial intelligence: A general survey. In Lighthill, J., Sutherland, N. S., Needham, R. M., Longuet-Higgins, H. C., & Michie, D., editors, Artificial Intelligence: A Paper Symposium. Science Research Council of Great Britain, London. 1973

S. Lin

• Computer solutions of the travelling salesman problem. Bell Systems Technical Journal, 1965

Theodore A. Linden

• Representing software designs as partially developed plans. In Lowry, M. R. & McCartney, R. D., editors, Automating Software Design, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1991

R. K. Lindsay

• Inferential memory as the basis of machines which understand natural language. In Feigenbaum, E. A. & Feldman, J., editors, Computers and Thought, McGraw-Hill, New York. 1963
• Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Organic Chemistry: The DENDRAL Project, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980

John Lloyd

• Foundations of Logic Programming. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1987
• Logic for Learning: Learning Comprehensible Theories from Structured Data, Springer, Cognitive Technologies Series, July 2003.

W. N. Locke

• Machine Translation of Languages: Fourteen Essays. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1955

H. C. Longuet-Higgins

• A computer algorithm for reconstructing a scene from two projections. Nature, 1981

William S. Lovejoy

• A Survey of Algorithmic Methods for Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes, Annals of Operations Research, 1991

Donald Loveland  

• Mechanical theorem proving by model elimination. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, 1968 
• Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis, New York: North-Holland, 1978

David Lowe : online publications

• Three-dimensional object recognition from single two-dimensional images. Artificial Intelligence, 1987

L. Löwenheim

• "Über M" {o}glichkeiten im Relativekalk" {u}l," {Mathematische Annalen}, 1915. (English translation appears in van Heijenoort, J. (ed.), From Frege to Gödel:  A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931, Cambridge, MA: Harvard  University Press, 1967.), 1915

B. T. Lowerre

• The HARPY speech recognition system. In Lea, W. A., editor, Trends in Speech Recognition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 1980

Michael R. Lowry

• Automating Software Design, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991

S. Loyd

• Mathematical Puzzles of Sam Loyd: Selected and Edited by Martin Gardner. Dover, New York. 1959

Tomas Lozano-Pérez : publications

• Automatic synthesis of fine-motion strategies for robots. International Journal of Robotics Research, 1984

J. R. Lucas

• Minds, Machines, and Gödel, Philosophy, 1961. (Also in Anderson, A. R. (ed.), Minds and Machines, pp.43-59, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1964.)

David Luckham

• Refinement Theorems in Resolution Theory, Proc. IRIA 1968 Symp. on Automatic Demonstration, Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1970
• Extracting Information from Resolution Proof~Trees, Artificial Intelligence, 1971